Phosphatase Family PTP - Revision history

Gerard: /* Non-receptor PTPs */

2018-05-04T17:35:24Z

‎Non-receptor PTPs

Gerard: /* Evolution */

2017-07-10T22:23:56Z

‎Evolution

Gerard: /* Non-receptor PTPs */

2017-03-23T20:22:19Z

‎Non-receptor PTPs

Gerard at 20:27, 8 March 2017

2017-03-08T20:27:03Z

Gerard: /* Receptor PTPs */

2016-12-21T21:18:03Z

‎Receptor PTPs

Gerard: /* Receptor PTPs */

2016-12-20T02:39:07Z

‎Receptor PTPs

Mark: /* Receptor PTPs */

2016-05-10T17:53:27Z

‎Receptor PTPs

Mark: /* Non-receptor PTPs */

2016-05-10T17:52:43Z

‎Non-receptor PTPs

Mark: /* Receptor PTPs */

2016-05-10T17:52:09Z

‎Receptor PTPs

Gerard: /* Receptor PTPs */

2016-05-10T02:59:33Z

‎Receptor PTPs

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 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN9|PTPN9]] is a metazoan subfamily functions in regulated secretory pathway. It has a characteristic accessory domain, a N-terminal Sec14p homology domain, which localizes it to secretory vesicles.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN12|PTPN12]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily emerged in holozoan, duplicated in vertebrates and lost in ecdysozoan. It has a N-terminal phosphatase domain and a C-terminal region containing several proline-rich sequences. Human has three members, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN18/BDP and PTPN22/LYP. PTPN22/LYP variant R620W is associated with various autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D).
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN12|PTPN12]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily emerged in holozoan, duplicated in vertebrates and lost in ecdysozoa. It has a N-terminal phosphatase domain and a C-terminal region containing several proline-rich sequences. Human has three members, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN18/BDP and PTPN22/LYP. PTPN22/LYP variant R620W is associated with various autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D).
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN13|PTPN13]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily that has diverse functions. It has various substrates and interacting partners. PTPN13 has a FERM domain localizing it to plasma membrane, five PDZ domains interacting with different proteins, and a phosphatase domain. PTPN13 probably emerged in holozoan, but lost in various metazoan lineages such as ecdysozoan. PTPN13 has two human members: PTPN13/FAP-1/PTP1E/PTPL1/PTP-BAS, and PTPN20
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN13|PTPN13]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily that has diverse functions. It has various substrates and interacting partners. PTPN13 has a FERM domain localizing it to plasma membrane, five PDZ domains interacting with different proteins, and a phosphatase domain. PTPN13 probably emerged in holozoan, but lost in various metazoan lineages such as ecdysozoa. PTPN13 has two human members: PTPN13/FAP-1/PTP1E/PTPL1/PTP-BAS, and PTPN20
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN14|PTPN14]] (PEZ) is a cytoskeletal-associated phosphatase with roles in cell migration and adhesion, EGFR signaling and regulation of the Hippo pathway. PTPRN14 emerged in metazoa; it is lost in all nematodes and duplicated in vertebrates.

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 === Evolution ===
-PTPs first emerged in holozoa. Among the 17 subfamilies present in human, 6 emerged in holozoa, 5 in metazoa, 3 in eumetazoa, and 3 in chordates or vertebrates. The relationship between the subfamilies is not well understood. The relationships between non-receptor PTPs and those between PTPRN and PTPRR/N5 and other subfamilies, as depicted by tree, are not significantly supported by statistical test; meanwhile, the trees in different studies have different topologies as you can image <cite>Andersen01, Andersen04, Barr09</cite> (as well as [http://ptp.cshl.edu/proteinclass.shtml PTP website at CSHL]).
+PTPs first emerged in holozoa. Among the 17 subfamilies present in human, 6 emerged in holozoa, 5 in metazoa, 3 in eumetazoa, and 3 in chordates or vertebrates. The relationship between the subfamilies is not well understood. The relationships between non-receptor PTPs and those between PTPRN and PTPRR/N5 and other subfamilies, as depicted by tree, are not significantly supported by statistical tests, and the branching order varies in published studies <cite>Andersen01, Andersen04, Barr09</cite> (as well as [http://ptp.cshl.edu/proteinclass.shtml PTP website at CSHL]).
 === Subfamilies ===

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 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN12|PTPN12]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily emerged in holozoan, duplicated in vertebrates and lost in ecdysozoan. It has a N-terminal phosphatase domain and a C-terminal region containing several proline-rich sequences. Human has three members, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN18/BDP and PTPN22/LYP. PTPN22/LYP variant R620W is associated with various autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D).
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN13|PTPN13]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily that has diverse functions. It has various substrates and interacting partners. PTPN13 has a FERM domain localizing it to plasma membrane, five PDZ domains interacting with different proteins, and a phosphatase domain. PTPN13 probably emerged in holozoan, but lost in various metazoan lineages such as ecdysozoan. PTPN13 has a single member in human: PTPN13/FAP-1/PTP1E/PTPL1/PTP-BAS.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN13|PTPN13]] is a cytosolic PTP subfamily that has diverse functions. It has various substrates and interacting partners. PTPN13 has a FERM domain localizing it to plasma membrane, five PDZ domains interacting with different proteins, and a phosphatase domain. PTPN13 probably emerged in holozoan, but lost in various metazoan lineages such as ecdysozoan. PTPN13 has two human members: PTPN13/FAP-1/PTP1E/PTPL1/PTP-BAS, and PTPN20
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN14|PTPN14]] (PEZ) is a cytoskeletal-associated phosphatase with roles in cell migration and adhesion, EGFR signaling and regulation of the Hippo pathway. PTPRN14 emerged in metazoa; it is lost in all nematodes and duplicated in vertebrates.
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN23|PTPN23]] (HD-PTP) functions in endosomal protein sorting. It has a signature BRO1 domain that distinguishes it from other protein phosphatases. It is under debate whether PTPN23 is catalytically inactive. PTPN23 emerged in holozoan but absent from some individual lineages, such as sponge and nematode.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:27, 8 March 2017
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	'''PTPRA'''. The D2 of PTPRA demonstrated higher susceptibility to oxidation <cite>Persson04</cite>. The oxidation at the cysteine of Cx5R catalytic motif led to inactivation in PTPN1 (PTP1B).		'''PTPRA'''. The D2 of PTPRA demonstrated higher susceptibility to oxidation <cite>Persson04</cite>. The oxidation at the cysteine of Cx5R catalytic motif led to inactivation in PTPN1 (PTP1B).
		+
		+	==== Minor subfamilies ====
		+	Several species-specific subfamilies are seen:
		+	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CelePTP-sf11\|CelePTP-sf11]]
		+
		+

	=== References ===		=== References ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:18, 21 December 2016
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	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_NvecPTP-sf2\|NvecPTP-sf2]] is found in cnidarians, and is of unknown function.		* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_NvecPTP-sf2\|NvecPTP-sf2]] is found in cnidarians, and is of unknown function.
		+
		+	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_NvecPTP-sf6\|NvecPTP-sf6]] is a Cnidarian-specific family most similar to PTPRD.
		+
		+

	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf1\|SpurPTP-sf1]], [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf3\|SpurPTP-sf3]], [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf4\|SpurPTP-sf4]] are found in the sea urchin and have no known functions.		* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf1\|SpurPTP-sf1]], [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf3\|SpurPTP-sf3]], [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf4\|SpurPTP-sf4]] are found in the sea urchin and have no known functions.

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 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It is involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but is absent from vertebrates.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CG42327|CG42327]] is found in arthropods. Its function is unclear.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CG42327|CG42327]] is found in arthropods and probably other invertebrates. Its function is unclear.
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_NvecPTP-sf2|NvecPTP-sf2]] is found in cnidarians, and is of unknown function.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 10 May 2016
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	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRN\|PTPRN]] (IA-2) is a metazoan family involved in neuronal and endocrine vesicle trafficking. No members have shown protein phosphatase activity, but at least one is reported to be a phospholipid phosphatase.		* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRN\|PTPRN]] (IA-2) is a metazoan family involved in neuronal and endocrine vesicle trafficking. No members have shown protein phosphatase activity, but at least one is reported to be a phospholipid phosphatase.
		+
		+	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN5_RR\|PTPRR]] (STEP) is a eumetazoan subfamily duplicated in vertebrates but absent from nematodes. . It is characterized by a kinase interaction motif (KIM), which is regulated by the phosphorylation state of a serine within the motif. Human has three members: PTPN5/STEP, PTPN7/HePTP, PTPRR/PTP-SL. Two of the three members have predicted transmembrane regions. They all regulate ERK pathway, but may have their specific substrates. They are expressed in different tissues, particularly, abundant in spleen, thymus, and different parts of brain.

	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D\|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It is involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but is absent from vertebrates.		* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D\|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It is involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but is absent from vertebrates.

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 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN23|PTPN23]] (HD-PTP) functions in endosomal protein sorting. It has a signature BRO1 domain that distinguishes it from other protein phosphatases. It is under debate whether PTPN23 is catalytically inactive. PTPN23 emerged in holozoan but absent from some individual lineages, such as sponge and nematode.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPN5_RR|PTPRR]] (STEP) is a eumetazoan subfamily duplicated in vertebrates but absent from nematodes. . It is characterized by a kinase interaction motif (KIM), which is regulated by the phosphorylation state of a serine within the motif. Human has three members: PTPN5/STEP, PTPN7/HePTP, PTPRR/PTP-SL. They all regulate ERK pathway, but may have their specific substrates. They are expressed in different tissues, particularly, abundant in spleen, thymus, and different parts of brain.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp36E|Ptp36E]] (CG7180) is a ecdysozoan-specific subfamily found in both nematodes and arthropods. Its function is unclear. Interestingly, it has two tandem PTP domains, which is a signature of receptor PTPs, and is similar to PTPRK, but lacks a transmembrane region or signal peptide.
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_eak|Eak]] is a nematode-specific subfamily. ''C. elegans'' has two members eak-6 and sdf-9/eak-5 which potentiate AKT-1/PKB signaling. The function seems independent of phosphatase activity, because sdf-9 is predicted to be catalytically inactive given the replacement of cysteine by serine at the Cx5R motif.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 10 May 2016
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	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D\|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It is involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but is absent from vertebrates.		* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D\|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It is involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but is absent from vertebrates.
−
−	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp36E\|Ptp36E]] (CG7180) is a ecdysozoan-specific subfamily found in both nematodes and arthropods. Its function is unclear. Interestingly, it has two tandem PTP domains, which is a signature of receptor PTPs, and is similar to PTPRK, but lacks a transmembrane region or signal peptide.

	* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CG42327\|CG42327]] is found in arthropods. Its function is unclear.		* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CG42327\|CG42327]] is found in arthropods. Its function is unclear.

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 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRC|PTPRC]] (CD45) is a vertebrate-specific subfamily involved in lymphocyte activation. In particular, it dephosphorylates and activates Src kinases.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRD|PTPRD]] (LAR) is a subfamily that functions in the nervous system. The three human members, PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (RPTPdelta) and PTPRS (RPTPsigma) dephoshorylate different proteins mostly involved in cell signaling. PTPRD is found in animals and choanoflagellates.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRD|PTPRD]] (LAR) functions in the nervous system. The three human members, PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (RPTPdelta) and PTPRS (RPTPsigma) dephosphorylate different proteins mostly involved in cell signaling. PTPRD is found in animals and choanoflagellates.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRG|PTPRG]] is an eumetazoan subfamily functions in nervous system and maybe cancer. Human has two members, PTPRG (R-PTP-GAMMA) and PTPRZ1 (RPTPbeta/R-PTP-zeta-2/Rptpζ), which can interact with other PTPs, such as PTPRD.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRG|PTPRG]] is an eumetazoan subfamily that functions in nervous system and maybe cancer. Humans have two members, PTPRG (R-PTP-GAMMA) and PTPRZ1 (RPTPbeta/R-PTP-zeta-2/Rptpζ), which can interact with other PTPs, such as PTPRD.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRK|PTPRK]] (R2B) is a chordate subfamily that regulates cell-cell adhesion, implicated in human cancer and nervous system. Human has four members, PTPRK (R-PTP-kappa), PTPRM (PTP mu), PTPRT (RPTPrho), and PTPRU (PTP-RO/hPTP-J/PTP pi/PTP lambda).
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRK|PTPRK]] (R2B) is a chordate subfamily that regulates cell-cell adhesion, implicated in human cancer and the nervous system. The four human members are  PTPRK (R-PTP-kappa), PTPRM (PTP mu), PTPRT (RPTPrho), and PTPRU (PTP-RO/hPTP-J/PTP pi/PTP lambda).
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRB|PTPRB]] (R3) is a metazoan-specific subfamily with functions in the nervous and immune systems. Human has five members: PTPRB (VE-PTP), PTPRH (SAP-1), PTPRJ (CD148/DEP1/RPTP eta), PTPRO (GLEPP1/PTP phi), and PTPRQ. They have distinct substrates. One particular interesting example is that PTPRQ is lipid phosphatase rather than tyrosine phosphatase.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRB|PTPRB]] (R3) is a metazoan-specific subfamily with functions in the nervous and immune systems. Human has five members: PTPRB (VE-PTP), PTPRH (SAP-1), PTPRJ (CD148/DEP1/RPTP eta), PTPRO (GLEPP1/PTP phi), and PTPRQ. They have distinct substrates. PTPRQ is lipid phosphatase rather than tyrosine phosphatase.
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPRN|PTPRN]] (IA-2) is a metazoan family involved in neuronal and endocrine vesicle trafficking. No members have shown protein phosphatase activity, but at least one is reported to be a phospholipid phosphatase.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but absent from vertebrates.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp69D|Ptp69D]] is a subfamily similar to PTPRD. It is involved in neuronal pathfinding. It emerged in metazoa but is absent from vertebrates.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp36E|Ptp36E]] (CG7180) is a ecdysozoan-specific subfamily found in both nematodes and arthropods. Its function is unclear. Interestingly, it has two tandem PTP domains, which is a signature of receptor PTPs, and is similar to PTPRK. However, we do not find transmembrane region or signal peptide.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Ptp36E|Ptp36E]] (CG7180) is a ecdysozoan-specific subfamily found in both nematodes and arthropods. Its function is unclear. Interestingly, it has two tandem PTP domains, which is a signature of receptor PTPs, and is similar to PTPRK, but lacks a transmembrane region or signal peptide.
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CG42327|CG42327]] is found in arthropods. Its function is unclear.
-* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_NvecPTP-sf2|NvecPTP-sf2]] is found in Cnidarians, and is of unknown function.
+* [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_NvecPTP-sf2|NvecPTP-sf2]] is found in cnidarians, and is of unknown function.
 * [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf1|SpurPTP-sf1]], [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf3|SpurPTP-sf3]], [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_SpurPTP-sf4|SpurPTP-sf4]] are found in the sea urchin and have no known functions.