Phosphatase Subfamily ACP2 - Revision history

Gerard: /* Domain Structure */

2017-04-03T03:13:03Z

‎Domain Structure

Gerard: /* Functions */

2017-04-03T03:10:32Z

‎Functions

Gerard: /* Domain Structure */

2017-04-03T02:55:27Z

‎Domain Structure

Gerard at 21:51, 25 October 2016

2016-10-25T21:51:25Z

Gerard at 15:01, 15 May 2016

2016-05-15T15:01:30Z

Gerard: /* Functions */

2016-05-15T14:54:42Z

‎Functions

Gerard at 14:46, 15 May 2016

2016-05-15T14:46:59Z

Gerard at 22:51, 14 May 2016

2016-05-14T22:51:36Z

Mark at 19:10, 3 June 2015

2015-06-03T19:10:27Z

Gerard: /* Domain */

2015-05-31T04:34:22Z

‎Domain

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 === Domain Structure ===
-ACP2 has either a transmembrane region or signal peptide at the N terminus. Vertebrate ACP2 gene has a C-terminal YRHV motif that is necessary and sufficient to mediate recycling between endosome and lysosome <cite>Obermuller02</cite>.
+ACP2 has a phosphatase domain and an N-terminal hydrophobic region that in some genes is classified as a signal peptide, in other genes as a transmembrane region. Vertebrate ACP2 gene has a C-terminal YRHV motif that is necessary and sufficient to mediate recycling between endosome and lysosome <cite>Obermuller02</cite>.
 === Posttranslational modification ===

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 === Functions ===
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55 Human ACPP] (acid phosphatase, prostate) is a prostate epithelium-specific differentiation antigen (see [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACPP GTEx]), and its expression is decreased in prostate carcinomas. It has been shown to downregulate prostate cell growth by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine on the oncoprotein ErbB2 <cite>ACPP_2, chuang10</cite>. His-12 and Asp-258 of ACPP, but not Cys-183 or Cys-281, are required for the phosphatase activity <cite>ACPP_1</cite>. Though ACPP is supposed to be prostate specific, one of its isoforms is found in a broad of tissues <cite>Quintero07</cite>.
+[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55 Human ACPP] (acid phosphatase, prostate) is a prostate epithelium-specific differentiation antigen (see [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACPP GTEx]), and its expression is decreased in prostate carcinomas. It has been shown to downregulate prostate cell growth by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine on the oncoprotein ErbB2 <cite>ACPP_2, chuang10</cite>. His-12 and Asp-258 of ACPP, but not Cys-183 or Cys-281, are required for the phosphatase activity <cite>ACPP_1</cite>. ACPP transcript is to be prostate specific  [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACPP GTEx], though one paper reports that one of its isoforms is found in a broad of tissues <cite>Quintero07</cite>.
 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/93650 Human ACPT] (acid phosphatase, testicular) can act as a tyrosine phosphatase to modulate signals mediated by ErbB4 that are important for neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. ACPT and ErbB4 are both expressed in the brain where they are enriched at post-synaptic sites. ACPT can inhibit basal and neuregulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB4. ACPT-dependent dephosphorylation can regulate the proteolytic cleavage of ErbB4, and this process can be reversed with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate <cite>fleisig04</cite>. Curiously, ACPT transcript appears to be expressed almost exclusively in testis (<cite>yousef01</cite> and [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACPT GTEx]).
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/53 Human ACP2] (acid phosphatase2, lysosomal) removes phosphate from protein residues that have been modified with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) on their arrival at the lysosome. M6P is a trafficking recognition signal to direct proteins to the lysosome. This activity is also carried out by [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP5|ACP5]], from the PPPL fold <cite>Makrypidi</cite>. It is not known to have protein substrates. Mouse ACP2 has a dynamic expression pattern in the brain and neural-specific phenotypes as well as bone deformation and kidney storage defects.
+[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/53 Human ACP2] (acid phosphatase2, lysosomal) removes phosphate from protein residues that have been modified with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) on their arrival at the lysosome. M6P is a trafficking recognition signal to direct proteins to the lysosome. This activity is also carried out by [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP5|ACP5]], from the PPPL fold <cite>Makrypidi</cite>. It is not known to have protein substrates. Mouse ACP2 has a dynamic expression pattern in the brain and neural-specific phenotypes as well as bone deformation and kidney storage defects. The human gene is broadly expressed ([http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACP2 GTEx]).
 ===References===

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 === Domain Structure ===
-ACP2 has either a transmembrane region or signal peptide at the N terminus. Vertebrate ACP2 has a C-terminal YRHV motif that is necessary and sufficient to mediate recycling between endosome and lysosome <cite>Obermuller02</cite>.
+ACP2 has either a transmembrane region or signal peptide at the N terminus. Vertebrate ACP2 gene has a C-terminal YRHV motif that is necessary and sufficient to mediate recycling between endosome and lysosome <cite>Obermuller02</cite>.
 === Posttranslational modification ===

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 __NOTOC__
-[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|Superfamily HP]] (histidine phosphatase): [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|Family HP, branch 2]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP2|Subfamily ACP2]]
+[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|Superfamily HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|Family HP, branch 2]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP2|Subfamily ACP2]]
 ACP2 is a phosphatase subfamily that is found in most eukaryotes. Human has three copies with different tissue specificity.

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 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/93650 Human ACPT] (acid phosphatase, testicular) can act as a tyrosine phosphatase to modulate signals mediated by ErbB4 that are important for neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. ACPT and ErbB4 are both expressed in the brain where they are enriched at post-synaptic sites. ACPT can inhibit basal and neuregulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB4. ACPT-dependent dephosphorylation can regulate the proteolytic cleavage of ErbB4, and this process can be reversed with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate <cite>fleisig04</cite>. Curiously, ACPT transcript appears to be expressed almost exclusively in testis (<cite>yousef01</cite> and [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACPT GTEx]).
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/53 Human ACP2] (acid phosphatase2, lysosomal) removes phosphate from protein residues that have been modified with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) on their arrival at the lysosome. M6P is a trafficking signal to direct proteins to the lysosome. This activity is also carried out by [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP5|ACP5]], from the PPPL fold <cite>Makrypidi<cite>.
+[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/53 Human ACP2] (acid phosphatase2, lysosomal) removes phosphate from protein residues that have been modified with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) on their arrival at the lysosome. M6P is a trafficking recognition signal to direct proteins to the lysosome. This activity is also carried out by [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP5|ACP5]], from the PPPL fold <cite>Makrypidi</cite>. It is not known to have protein substrates. Mouse ACP2 has a dynamic expression pattern in the brain and neural-specific phenotypes as well as bone deformation and kidney storage defects.
-−
-−
-−
-−
-hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and phosphate, and is not known to have protein substrates. Mouse phenotypes for ACP2 include deformed bones alterations, lysosomal storage defects in the kidneys and central nervous system, and an increase in seizures.
 ===References===
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 #ACPP_2 pmid=9705354
 #fleisig04 pmid=15219672
 #yousef01 pmid=11414767
 #chuang10 pmid=20498373
 #Quintero07 pmid=17638863
 </biblio>

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 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|Superfamily HP]] (histidine phosphatase): [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|Family HP, branch 2]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_ACP2|Subfamily ACP2]]
-ACP2 is a phosphatase subfamily that is found in broad eukaryotes. Human has three copies with different tissue specificity.
+ACP2 is a phosphatase subfamily that is found in most eukaryotes. Human has three copies with different tissue specificity.
 === Evolution ===
-ACP2 is found in [[Phosphatase_Glossary#holozoa|holozoa]], amoebozoa and some protists, but is absent from some fungi and most plants. Amoebozoan ACP2s are quite divergent from holozoan ACP2s in sequence. There are usually multiple copies per genome. For example, human, fruit fly, C elegans have 3, 5 and 21 copies, respectively.
+ACP2 is found in [[Phosphatase_Glossary#holozoa|holozoa]], amoebozoa and some protists, but is absent from some fungi and most plants. Amoebozoan ACP2s are quite divergent from holozoan ACP2s in sequence. There are usually multiple copies per genome. Human, Drosophila, and C elegans have 3, 5 and 21 copies, respectively.
 === Domain Structure ===