Phosphatase Subfamily PPP2C - Revision history

Gerard: /* Evolution */

2017-11-15T05:22:02Z

‎Evolution

Gerard at 05:14, 15 November 2017

2017-11-15T05:14:45Z

Gerard at 17:32, 13 March 2017

2017-03-13T17:32:44Z

Gerard at 03:36, 9 May 2016

2016-05-09T03:36:07Z

Mark: /* References */

2015-09-21T21:28:35Z

‎References

Mark: /* Functions */

2015-09-21T21:28:18Z

‎Functions

Mark at 21:26, 21 September 2015

2015-09-21T21:26:54Z

Mark at 17:48, 27 July 2015

2015-07-27T17:48:21Z

Mark: /* References */

2015-05-21T20:02:45Z

‎References

Mark: /* Functions */

2015-05-21T20:02:25Z

‎Functions

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ===Evolution===
-PPP2C is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C:  [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CA|PPP2CA]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CB|PPP2CB]], along with two A subunits (PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B) and at least 8 B regulatory subunits. Most invertebrates have a single copy of the catalytic subunit, and yeast has two [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH21|PPH21]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH22|PPH22]].
+PPP2C is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C:  [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CA|PPP2CA]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CB|PPP2CB]], along with two A subunits (PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B) and at least 12 B regulatory subunits. Most invertebrates have a single copy of the catalytic subunit, and yeast has two [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH21|PPH21]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH22|PPH22]].
 === Domain ===

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPPL|Fold PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPPL|Superfamily PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPP|Family PPP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C|Subfamily PPP2C]] (PP2A, catalytic subunit)
-PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A holoenzymes are heterotrimers consisting of a core dimer of two subunits catalytic subunit (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.
+PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of the holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A is heterotrimer consisting of a core dimer of two catalytic (C) subunits and an A regulatory subunit, along with one (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.
 ===Evolution===
-PPP2C is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C:  [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CA|PPP2CA]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CB|PPP2CB]]. Most invertebrates have a single copy, and yeast has two [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH21|PPH21]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH22|PPH22]].
+PPP2C is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C:  [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CA|PPP2CA]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CB|PPP2CB]], along with two A subunits (PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B) and at least 8 B regulatory subunits. Most invertebrates have a single copy of the catalytic subunit, and yeast has two [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH21|PPH21]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH22|PPH22]].
 === Domain ===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPPL|Fold PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPPL|Superfamily PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPPc|Family PPPc]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C|Subfamily PPP2C]] (PP2A, catalytic subunit)
+[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPPL|Fold PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPPL|Superfamily PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPP|Family PPP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C|Subfamily PPP2C]] (PP2A, catalytic subunit)
 PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A holoenzymes are heterotrimers consisting of a core dimer of two subunits catalytic subunit (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPPL|Fold PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPPL|Superfamily PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPPc|Family PPPc]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C|Subfamily PPP2C]] (PP2A, catalytic subunit)
@@ Line 4: / Line 5: @@
 ===Evolution===
-PPP2C subfamily is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C:  [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CA|PPP2CA]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CB|PPP2CB]]. In most bilateria, it has a single copy, such as worm, fruit fly and sea urchin. In yeast, it has two copies: [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH21|PPH21]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH22|PPH22]].
+PPP2C is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C:  [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CA|PPP2CA]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPP2CB|PPP2CB]]. Most invertebrates have a single copy, and yeast has two [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH21|PPH21]] and [[Phosphatase_Gene_PPH22|PPH22]].
-(Note: the evolution of PP2A holoenzyme should be elucidated.)
 === Domain ===

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 #sontag01 pmid=11257442
 #westermarck08 pmid=18329957
 #Xiong15 pmid=25854679
 #Zonta15 pmid=25931585
 </biblio>

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ===Functions===
-PP2A accounts for the majority of phospho-serine/threonine phosphatase activity in most cells and is involved in the regulation of nearly every cellular process, including multiple inflammatory signaling pathways <cite>Rahman15</cite>, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene transcription and protein translation <cite>janssens01 sontag01</cite>. It is considered to be a principal guardian against tumorigenic transformation <cite>westermarck08</cite>. Some viruses target this protein to hijack the host cell <cite>janssens08</cite>.
+PP2A accounts for the majority of phospho-serine/threonine phosphatase activity in most cells and is involved in the regulation of nearly every cellular process, including multiple inflammatory signaling pathways <cite>Rahman15</cite>, cell cycle progression, autophagy <cite>Wong15</cite>, DNA replication, gene transcription and protein translation <cite>janssens01 sontag01</cite>. It is considered to be a principal guardian against tumorigenic transformation <cite>westermarck08</cite>. Some viruses target this protein to hijack the host cell <cite>janssens08</cite>.
-PPP2C controls the activity of at least 50 different kinases by directly interaction or linked via a anchoring protein. PPP2C  not only integrate signals within phoshorylation cascades but also to be the focal point of a distinct post-translational modification, reversible protein methylation <cite>janssens05</cite>. Here are some examples of PP2A functions:
+PP2A controls the activity of at least 50 different kinases by directly interaction or linked via a anchoring protein. PP2A  not only integrate signals within phoshorylation cascades but also to be the focal point of a distinct post-translational modification, reversible protein methylation <cite>janssens05</cite>. Here are some examples of PP2A functions:
 * Hedgehog signaling. PP2A functions with PPFIA1  to promote the dephosphorylation of Kif7, triggering Kif7 localization to the tips of primary cilia and promoting Gli transcriptional activity. Both Kif7 and Gli are components in Hedgehog signaling <cite>liu14</cite>.  (PS: Interestingly, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8500 PPFIA1] is known as interacting partner with tyrosine phosphatase PTPRF.)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:26, 21 September 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[~~Phosphatase_Fold_PPP~~\|Fold ~~MTDP~~]]: [[~~Phosphatase_Superfamily_MTDP~~\|Superfamily ~~MTDP~~]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPPc\|Family PPPc]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C\|Subfamily PPP2C (PP2A)]]	+	[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPPL\|Fold PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPPL\|Superfamily PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPPc\|Family PPPc]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C\|Subfamily PPP2C]] (PP2A, catalytic subunit)

	PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A holoenzymes are heterotrimers consisting of a core dimer of two subunits catalytic subunit (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.		PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A holoenzymes are heterotrimers consisting of a core dimer of two subunits catalytic subunit (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:48, 27 July 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPP\|Fold MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_MTDP\|Superfamily MTDP]]: [[~~Phosphatase_Family_PPP~~\|Family ~~PPP~~]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C\|Subfamily PPP2C (PP2A)]]	+	[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPP\|Fold MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_MTDP\|Superfamily MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPPc\|Family PPPc]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP2C\|Subfamily PPP2C (PP2A)]]

	PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A holoenzymes are heterotrimers consisting of a core dimer of two subunits catalytic subunit (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.		PPP2C is the catalytic subunit of holoenzyme PP2A. PP2A holoenzymes are heterotrimers consisting of a core dimer of two subunits catalytic subunit (C) and regulatory subunit A (PR65), and a third regulatory subunit B-type <cite>janssens08</cite>. Multiple genes encode each subunits, which resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions <cite>janssens05</cite>.

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 #Li15 pmid=25772433
 #liu14 pmid=25492966
 #sontag01 pmid=11257442
 #westermarck08 pmid=18329957