Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Family HP1"

Revision as of 18:20, 2 June 2015

Phosphatase Classification: Fold HP: Superfamily HP (histidine phosphatase): HP, branch1 family

Subfamilies found in human

PGAM

PGAMs mainly function as glycolytic enzymes regulating intracellular levels of their substrate 3-phosphoglycerate and product 2-phosphoglycerate. Human BPGM is a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase. They are found throughout most eukaryotes.

PGAM5

PGAM5 is a protein phosphatase conserved in metazoa. It has distinct substrates.

TIGAR: TP53 induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulatory phosphatase

TIGAR inhibits glycolysis and negatively modulates the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), therefore regulating autophagy and apoptosis. TIGAR is found in chordates some basal eumetazoan, but is absent from nematodes and arthropoda.

STS (TULA or UBASH3)

STS is a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in T-cell receptor signaling. In particular, STS dephosphorylates kinases Syk and ZAP-70 of Syk subfamily. STS is conserved in metazoa.

PFKFB

PFKFB is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for the synthesis (as kinase) and degradation (as phosphatase) of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate a metabolite that controls glycolysis. Its two opposite enzymatic activities are encoded in two separate domains, N-terminal kinase domain and C-terminal phosphatase domain. PFKFB is found in most if not all eukaryotes. It emerged by gene fusion of the ancestors of the gene containing kinase domain and that containing phosphatase domain.

Other subfamilies

TFC7

TFC7 is a RNA pol III transcription initiation factor complex (TFIIIC) subunit found in fungi and Dictyostelium.

HP1LE

HP1LE subfamily is found in choanoflagellates and sponge, but is absent from eumetazoan. Its function is unclear.

Dicty-HP1-sf1