View source for Phosphatase Fold HP

[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]] (histidine phosphatase)

HP is short for histidine phosphatase, which is also known as phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM). Histidine phosphatase does '''not''' dephosphorylate pHis. It  is named for the catalytic histidine which is phosphorylated during catalysis <cite>rigden08</cite>. The superfamily is a large functionally diverse group of proteins. For a complete of functions characterized members in the superfamily (Table 1 and Table S1 in <cite>rigen08</cite>). 

===== Naming: histidine phosphatase (HP) or phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) =====
The earliest and arguably best studied members of this group of genes primarily function as mutase, which results in naming them PGM. However, most if not all of later discoveries have been phosphatase activities of one kind or another <cite>rigden08</cite>. To reflect this fact, we call it histidine phosphatase rather than phosphoglycerate mutase, although the genes are sometimes referred as PGM in literature and SCOP database.

===== Superfamilies and families =====
The fold HP has a single superfamily [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|HP]], which consists of two families based upon sequence similarity <cite>rigden08</cite>: 
* [[Phosphatase_Family_HP1|Branch 1]] 
* [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|Branch 2]] 

This classification is largely the same with [[#Pfam|Pfam]] classification.

====== Traditional classification ======
Traditionally, HP/PGM is classified as below <cite>jedrzejas00, rigden01</cite>:
* Monophosphoglycerate mutase (mPGM) - catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and 2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA)
** dependent on 23PGA as a cofactor (dPGM) - found in animal, fungi, and bacteria
** independent of 23PGA as a cofactor (iPGM) - found in plants, and bacteria
* Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (bPGM) - catalyzes primarily the interconversion of 1,3-phosphoglycerate (13PGA) and 23PGA

====== Pfam ======
HP corresponds to [http://pfam.xfam.org/clan/CL0071 histidine phosphatase superfamily] in  [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Pfam|Pfam database]]. It contains two families: [http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00300 branch 1] and [http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00328 branch 2]. Branch 1 includes dPGMs, branch 2 includes histidine acid phosphatase. Branch 1 is largely dPGM.

======  SCOP ======
HP corresponds to [[Phosphatase_Glossary#SCOP|SCOP]] fold [http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=53253 phosphoglycerate mutase-like (c.60)]. It contains single superfamily, which include the families below:
* c.60.1.1: Cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase
* c.60.1.2: Histidine acid phosphatase
* c.60.1.4: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, phosphatase domain

c60.1.1 and c60.1.4 forms dPGM.

=== References ===
<biblio>
#jedrzejas00 pmid=10958932
#rigden01 pmid=11514674
#rigden08 pmid=18092946
</biblio>


<biblio>
#Rigden pmid=18092946
</biblio>