View source for Phosphatase Family PTEN

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[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]:  [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_CC1|Superfamily CC1]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PTEN|Family PTEN]]

PTEN is a family of lipid phosphatases and lipid-binding proteins that is closely related to the [[Phosphatase_Family_DSP|DSP]] family. PTEN itself is found in all eukaryotes and is a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. Other defined subfamilies are largely [[holozoa]]n-specific and frequently appear to be catalytically inactive and to function as lipid-binding domains of larger proteins.

===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTEN|PTEN subfamily]] =====
PTEN subfamily is named after its single member in human, PTEN, which acts as a phosphatase to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns (3,4,5)P3 or PIP3). PTEN is one of the most commonly lost tumor suppressors in human cancer. It is found throughout eukaryotes ([http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0001193/overview unpublished data from gOrtholog]).  

===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_VSP|VSP subfamily]] =====
The Voltage Sensitive Phosphatase (VSP) members consist of a voltage sensor consisting of four transmembrane segments <cite>Iwasaki08</cite>, in addition to phosphatase domain and C2 domain. It has two members in human, TPTE and TPTE2 (TPIP), but TPTE is a pseudophosphatase. The subfamily is conserved in [[holozoa]] but absent from nematodes and most arthropods. It usually has a single copy in each species, and the two human copies appear to be a primate duplication.

===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Tensin|Tensin subfamily]] =====
Tensin are adaptor proteins that link integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and are involved in a variety of signal transduction cascades.

===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Auxilin|Auxilin subfamily]] =====
Inactive phosphatases that bind phospholipids during clathrin-coated vesicle formation and uncoating. Most also have a kinase domain.

=== References ===
<biblio>
#Iwasaki08 pmid=18524949
</biblio>