View source for Phosphatase Subfamily CDKN3

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[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_CC1|Fold CC1]]:  [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_CC1|Superfamily CC1]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_DSP|Family DSP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CDKN3|Subfamily CDKN3]]

CDKN3 is a cell cycle phosphatase that acts on Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK1/CDC2 and CDK2.

=== Evolution ===
CDKN3 is found in deuterostomes and scattered other bilaterians. These include basal arthropods (Ixodes, Zootermopsis), Lophotrochozoa (Aplysia, Lottia, Crassostrea) and some cnidarians (Acropora, Exaiptasia). It is not found in most insects or any nematodes. CDKN3 is most close in sequence to the [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PRL|PRL]] and [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPDC1|PTPDC1]] subfamilies.

=== Domain ===
CDKN3 has a single domain: phosphatase domain.

=== Function === 
CDKN3 is a cell cycle regulator. It dephosphorylates threonine-161 of CDC2/CDK1 during mitotic exit <cite>Hannon94, Nalepa13</cite>. CDKN3 also dephosphorylates threonine-160 CDK2 at the G1 to S transition but showed a preference for CDC2 <cite>Gyuris93, Hannon94, Poon95</cite>.

CDKN3 is involved in cancer, but its role is controversial. CDKN3 acts as an oncogene in human hepatocellular carcinoma <cite>Xing12</cite>. CDKN3 is over-expressed in renal cancer cells <cite>Lai12</cite>, breast and prostate cancer <cite>Lee00</cite>. However, CDKN3 protein is down-regulated in brain tumors <cite>Nalepa13</cite>. 

=== References ===
<biblio>
#Hannon94 pmid=8127873
#Gyuris93 pmid=8242750
#Lai12 pmid=21396835
#Lee00 pmid=10669749
#Nalepa13 pmid=23775190
#Poon95 pmid=7569954
#Xing12 pmid=22390936
</biblio>