View source for Phosphatase Subfamily PRL

__NOTOC__
[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_CC1|Fold CC1]]:  [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_CC1|Superfamily CC1]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_DSP|Family DSP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PRL|Subfamily PRL]] (PTP4A)

=== Evolution ===
PRL is present in animals, and most basal eukaryotes, but is absent from fungi and plants ([http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0001030/overview unpublished data from gOrtholog]).

=== Domain ===
PRL has a  [[Phosphatase_Fold_CC1|CC1]] fold phosphatase domain followed by a polybasic motif and a consensus prenylation motif.

=== Function === 
PRL is short for Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver. There are three PRLs in human, PRL1, PRL2, PRL3 (PTP4A1-3), all of which have been identified as key contributors to metastasis in several human cancers <cite>tremblay14, Von-Hoff06</cite>.  The molecular mechanisms of PRL phosphatases has been reviewed <cite>kohn12</cite> in 2012. 

PRL3 is implicated in cancer. For instance, deletion of PRL3 reduces clonogenicity and tumor-initiation ability of colitis-associated cancer cells in mice <cite>Cramer15</cite>. PRL3 (PTP4A3) independently predicts metastasis and survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy <cite>Yeh15</cite>.

PTP4A3 has a number of reported protein substrates including ezrin <cite>Forte</cite> and p130cas <cite>Matter</cite>. All three human genes have activity against tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides <cite>Pathak</cite>.

=== References ===
<biblio>
#Cramer15 pmid=24950307
#Von-Hoff06 pmid=16275986
#tremblay14 pmid=24632616
#Forte pmid=18078820
#kohn12 pmid=22413991
#Matter pmid=11355880
#Pathak pmid=12516958
#Yeh15 pmid=26070892
</biblio>