Phosphatase Subfamily PGAM5
Phosphatase Classification: Fold HP: Superfamily HP (histidine phosphatase): HP, branch1 family: Subfamily PGAM5
PGAM5 is a protein phosphatase conserved in metazoa. It has distinct substrates.
Contents
Evolution
PGAM5 is found in metazoan and many protists but is absent from fungi, plants, and amoebozoa.
Domain
Metazoan PGAM5 has a N-terminal transmembrane region and HP1 phosphatase domain.
Functions
PGAM5 has shown protein phosphatase activity towards distinct substrates.
PGAM5 dephosphorylates and activates MAP kinase kinase kinase ASK1. PGAM5 is anchored in the mitochondrial membrane and it lacks mutase activity, but instead it associates with ASK1 and activates ASK1 by dephosphorylation of inhibitory sites. Mutation of an active site His-105 in PGAM5 abolished phosphatase activity with ASK1 and pThr peptides as substrates [1]. The Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of PGAM5 also exhibit specific Ser/Thr phosphatase activity and activate the corresponding Drosophila and C. elegans ASK1 kinases [1].
PGAM5 also dephosphorylate the serine 637 site of Drp1. The dephosphorylation activates the GTPase activity of Drp1 and causes mitochondrial fragmentation, an early and obligatory step for necrosis execution [2].
PGAM5 dephosphorylates FUNDC1 at Ser-13 and thereby activates mitophagy [3].
References
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