Phosphatase Family PHP
Phosphatase Classification: PHP Superfamily: PHP Family
This superfamily has a single family, subfamily and gene PHPT1 in human. Though it is usually described "found in vertebrates and absence in fungi and bacteria", we can find it in non-vertebrates, even in single-cellular eukaryote Monosiga, Dictyostelium and some basal individual eukaryotes like T. gondii and Volvox. In most species, it is a single-copy gene, but four were found in fruit fly including three divergent from the one conserved across the species.
The known substrates are beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins [1], the metabolic enzyme adenosine 5’-triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) [2], and the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 [3]. It usually works with nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK).
Involved in nervous system
Its role in neuronal cells is particularly interesting. In C. elegans, the ortholog is expressed exclusively in neurons [4]. In human cells, the overexpression of PHPT1 decreases the activity of ACL and reduces the viability of neuronal cells [5].
References
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