Phosphatase Family RTR1

Phosphatase Classification: Fold RTR1: Superfamily RTR1: Family RTR1

RTR1 is a phosphatase conserved in eukaryotes that regulates the phosphorylation states of C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II.

Evolution

RTR1 is found in most eukaryotes. It is absent from the sponge genome, possibly due to incomplete genome assembly. It is single copy in most species including human (RPAP2). However, two copies are found in yeast (RTR1 and RTR2).

Domain

RTR1 proteins share a conserved catalytic domain. Yeast RTR1 has a C-terminal region that auto-inhibits the catalytic domain [1]. Human RPAP2 has a far longer tail of unknown function.

Function

Yeast RTR1 was shown to dephosphorylate serine-5 of CTD repeats of RNA pol II [2, 3]. These findings were challenged by later studies [4], but more recent study supports its activity towards serine-5 [1], which also indicates that RTR1 also dephosphorylates the newly described anti-termination tyrosine 1 residue of CTD repeats [1].

References

Error fetching PMID 19394294:
Error fetching PMID 19679665:
Error fetching PMID 22781759:
Error fetching PMID 24951832: