Phosphatase Family RTR1

Phosphatase Classification: Fold RTR1: Superfamily RTR1: Family RTR1

RTR1 is a phosphatase conserved in eukaryotes that regulates phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II.

Evolution

RTR1 is found in most eukaryotes. It is absent from the sponge genome, possibly due to incomplete genome assembly. It is single copy in most species including human (RPAP2). However, two copies are found in yeast (RTR1 and RTR2).

Domain

RTR1 proteins share a conserved catalytic domain. Yeast RTR1 has a C-terminal region that auto-inhibits the catalytic domain [1]. Human RPAP2 has a far longer tail of unknown function, though it is well conserved in most animals, and weakly conserved in plants. Nematode and Drosophila members lack this extended tail.

Function

RTR1 was shown to dephosphorylate serine-5 of CTD repeats of RNA pol II in yeast [2, 3], and human [4]. A study in K. lactis [5] that challenged these findings was since criticized for using possibly inactive protein [1].

References

Error fetching PMID 19394294:
Error fetching PMID 19679665:
Error fetching PMID 22781759:
Error fetching PMID 24951832:
Error fetching PMID 22137580: