Phosphatase Superfamily HP
Phosphatase Classification: Fold HP: Superfamily HP (histidine phosphatase)
HP (histidine phosphatase, also known as phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM)) phosphatases have a catalytic histidine which is phosphorylated during catalysis [1], but they do not dephosphorylate histidine on other proteins. The superfamily is a large functionally diverse group of proteins. For a complete of functions characterized members in the superfamily (Table 1 and Table S1 in [2]). HPs are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Naming: histidine phosphatase (HP) or phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM)
The earliest and arguably best studied members of this group of genes primarily function as mutase, which results in naming them PGM. However, most if not all of later discoveries have been phosphatase activities [1].
Classification schemes
The fold/superfamily HP consists of two families based upon sequence similarity [1]:
This classification is largely the same with Pfam classification.
Traditional classification
Traditionally, HP/PGM is classified as below [3, 4]:
- Monophosphoglycerate mutase (mPGM) - catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and 2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA)
- dependent on 23PGA as a cofactor (dPGM) - found in animal, fungi, and bacteria
- independent of 23PGA as a cofactor (iPGM) - found in plants, and bacteria
- Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (bPGM) - catalyzes primarily the interconversion of 1,3-phosphoglycerate (13PGA) and 23PGA
Pfam families
HP corresponds to histidine phosphatase superfamily in Pfam database. It contains two families: branch 1 and branch 2. Branch 1 includes dPGMs, branch 2 includes histidine acid phosphatase. Branch 1 is largely dPGM.
SCOP classification
HP corresponds to SCOP fold phosphoglycerate mutase-like (c.60). It contains single superfamily, which include the families below:
- c.60.1.1: Cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase
- c.60.1.2: Histidine acid phosphatase
- c.60.1.4: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, phosphatase domain
c60.1.1 and c60.1.4 forms dPGM.
References
- Rigden DJ. The histidine phosphatase superfamily: structure and function. Biochem J. 2008 Jan 15;409(2):333-48. DOI:10.1042/BJ20071097 |
- Jedrzejas MJ. Structure, function, and evolution of phosphoglycerate mutases: comparison with fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2000;73(2-4):263-87. DOI:10.1016/s0079-6107(00)00007-9 |
- Rigden DJ, Bagyan I, Lamani E, Setlow P, and Jedrzejas MJ. A cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase homolog from Bacillus stearothermophilus is actually a broad specificity phosphatase. Protein Sci. 2001 Sep;10(9):1835-46. DOI:10.1110/ps.15701 |
- Rigden DJ. The histidine phosphatase superfamily: structure and function. Biochem J. 2008 Jan 15;409(2):333-48. DOI:10.1042/BJ20071097 |
