Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily PPP3C"
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[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_MTDP|Fold MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_MTDP|Superfamily MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPP|Family PPP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP3C|Subfamily PPP3C]] | [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_MTDP|Fold MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_MTDP|Superfamily MTDP]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPP|Family PPP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP3C|Subfamily PPP3C]] | ||
| − | PPP3C | + | PPP3C, the catalytic subunit of PP2B (calcineurin) holoeynzme, is a calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase conserved in eukaryotes. It is involved in various biological processes and has significantly clinic relevance. |
=== Evolution === | === Evolution === | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
=== Functions === | === Functions === | ||
| − | PPP3C | + | PPP3C is the catalytic subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2B (PP2B) holoenzyme (aka calcineurin). The holoenzyme is heterodimer complex consisting of one catalytic subunit and one regulatory subunit participates in very various cellular processes, from cell cycle progression to cardiac hypertrophy <cite>Rusnak00</cite>. |
| + | |||
| + | PP2B (calcineurin) activates the T cells of the immune system in mammals. When an antigen-preseting cell interacts with a T cell receptor on T cells, the cytoplasmic level of calcium increases, which activates calcineurin. | ||
| + | |||
| + | PP2B (calcineurin) is included as a key player in mediating calcium-triggered and -accelerated vesicle endocytosis <cite>Wu14</cite>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | PP2B (Calcineurin) activates a vertebrate-specific transcription factor called NFATc. | ||
| + | |||
| + | This phosphatase has clinical significance for schizophrenia and diabetes (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcineurin wikipedia]). | ||
| + | |||
| + | PP2B (calcineurin) is used as a target for several immunosuppressive drugs, e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacrolimus tacrolimus] which is an immunosuppressive drug used mainly after allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so lower the risk of organ rejection. | ||
PPP3C (PP2B, calcineurin) modulates potassium channel, perhaps by directly controlling the phosphorylation state of potassium channel in collaboration with PKA <cite>Orie09, Brignell15</cite>. | PPP3C (PP2B, calcineurin) modulates potassium channel, perhaps by directly controlling the phosphorylation state of potassium channel in collaboration with PKA <cite>Orie09, Brignell15</cite>. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 32: | ||
#Orie09 pmid=19422382 | #Orie09 pmid=19422382 | ||
#Rusnak00 pmid=11015619 | #Rusnak00 pmid=11015619 | ||
| + | #Wu14 pmid=24835995 | ||
#Yu15 pmid=25878052 | #Yu15 pmid=25878052 | ||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||
Revision as of 17:10, 22 April 2015
Phosphatase Classification: Fold MTDP: Superfamily MTDP: Family PPP: Subfamily PPP3C
PPP3C, the catalytic subunit of PP2B (calcineurin) holoeynzme, is a calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase conserved in eukaryotes. It is involved in various biological processes and has significantly clinic relevance.
Evolution
PPP3C is found throughout eukaryotes, including opisthokonta, amoebazoa, plants and etc.
Domain
PPP3C has a single domain - phosphatase domain.
Functions
PPP3C is the catalytic subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2B (PP2B) holoenzyme (aka calcineurin). The holoenzyme is heterodimer complex consisting of one catalytic subunit and one regulatory subunit participates in very various cellular processes, from cell cycle progression to cardiac hypertrophy [1].
PP2B (calcineurin) activates the T cells of the immune system in mammals. When an antigen-preseting cell interacts with a T cell receptor on T cells, the cytoplasmic level of calcium increases, which activates calcineurin.
PP2B (calcineurin) is included as a key player in mediating calcium-triggered and -accelerated vesicle endocytosis [2].
PP2B (Calcineurin) activates a vertebrate-specific transcription factor called NFATc.
This phosphatase has clinical significance for schizophrenia and diabetes (see wikipedia).
PP2B (calcineurin) is used as a target for several immunosuppressive drugs, e.g. tacrolimus which is an immunosuppressive drug used mainly after allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so lower the risk of organ rejection.
PPP3C (PP2B, calcineurin) modulates potassium channel, perhaps by directly controlling the phosphorylation state of potassium channel in collaboration with PKA [3, 4].
Besides, PPP3C (PP2B, calcineurin) is an attractive antifungal drug target, and its inhibitor (FK506 or cyclosporin A) can be combined with azoles or echinocandins for use against multidrug-resistant Candida species [5].
References
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Error fetching PMID 25878052:
- Error fetching PMID 11015619:
- Error fetching PMID 24835995:
- Error fetching PMID 19422382:
- Error fetching PMID 25793374:
- Error fetching PMID 25878052:
