Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily AP"
(→Evolution) |
(→Evolution) |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
Alkaline phosphatases are found in metazoa except nematodes, fungi, some protists, and bacteria, but are absent from most plants (see [http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0000252/overview internal database]). They belong to the alkaline phosphatase-like fold ([http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/data/scop.b.d.bah.A.html SCOP]), which contains other enzymes, such as phosphoesterases and sulfatases. Human has four APs. Three of them (ALPP, ALPPL2, ALPI) locates in a quasi-tandem way at 1q36. | Alkaline phosphatases are found in metazoa except nematodes, fungi, some protists, and bacteria, but are absent from most plants (see [http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0000252/overview internal database]). They belong to the alkaline phosphatase-like fold ([http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/data/scop.b.d.bah.A.html SCOP]), which contains other enzymes, such as phosphoesterases and sulfatases. Human has four APs. Three of them (ALPP, ALPPL2, ALPI) locates in a quasi-tandem way at 1q36. | ||
| − | APs were lost from most nematodes except a few individual species, as shown by BLASTing human and fruit fly AP against NR database. | + | APs were lost from most nematodes except a few individual species, as shown by BLASTing human and fruit fly AP against NR database. APs were also lost in monosiga and sponge. |
=== Functions === | === Functions === | ||
Revision as of 19:39, 3 June 2015
Phosphatase Classification: Fold AP: Superfamily AP: Family AP: Subfamily AP(Alkaline phosphatase)
Alkaline phosphatase is a conserved phosphatase that has a broad of substrates, including proteins. It is used in clinical lab test, diary industry and biomedical research.
Evolution
Alkaline phosphatases are found in metazoa except nematodes, fungi, some protists, and bacteria, but are absent from most plants (see internal database). They belong to the alkaline phosphatase-like fold (SCOP), which contains other enzymes, such as phosphoesterases and sulfatases. Human has four APs. Three of them (ALPP, ALPPL2, ALPI) locates in a quasi-tandem way at 1q36.
APs were lost from most nematodes except a few individual species, as shown by BLASTing human and fruit fly AP against NR database. APs were also lost in monosiga and sponge.
Functions
Alkaline phosphatases are a superfamily (Pfam) with a wide variety of substrates, possibly including phosphoproteins. There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: ALPI (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), ALPP (alkaline phosphatase, placental), ALPPL2 (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and ALPL (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A [1, 2] and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase [3], but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear.
References
Error fetching PMID 8396040:
Error fetching PMID 3011792:
- Error fetching PMID 6167574:
- Error fetching PMID 3011792:
- Error fetching PMID 8396040:
