Phosphatase Subfamily PPM1D

PPM1D, also known as WIP1. It is an oncogene conserved from Monosiga to human. It regulates cell homeostasis in response to DNA damage. It dephosphorylates p53 and its various target kinases, such as ATM, Chk1 and Chk2. It also dephosphorylates p38/MAPK, tumor suppressors INK4A and ARF, RelA subunit of NF-kappaB, gamma-H2AX and etc. (PS: ATM and PPM1D have a significant overlap of their substrate proteins, -the same residues on a set of proteins, including p53, Mdm2, Chk2 and gamma-H2AX at least.)