Phosphatase Superfamily AP

Phosphatase Classification: Alkaline phosphatase superfamily

Alkaline phosphatase superfamily

Alkaline phosphatases are a superfamily (Pfam) with a wide variety of substrates, possibly including phosphoproteins. There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: ALPI (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), ALPP (alkaline phosphatase, placental), ALPPL2 (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and ALPL (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A [1, 2] and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase [3], but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear.

Alkaline phosphatases are found in metazoa, fungi and some protists, but are absent from most plants, and are also found in bacteria. They belong to the alkaline phosphatase-like fold (SCOP), which contains other enzymes, such as phosphoesterases and sulfatases.

References

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