Phosphatase Subfamily PPP2C

Phosphatase Classification: Fold MTDP: Superfamily PPP: Family PPP: Subfamily PPP2C (PP2A)

PPP2C, also known as PP2A, regulates various cellular processes.

Evolution

PPP2C subfamily is found throughout eukaryotes. Human has two PPP2C: PPP2CA and PPP2CB. In most bilateria, it has a single copy, such as worm, fruit fly and sea urchin. In yeast, it has two copies: PPH21 and PPH22.

Functions

PPP2C, also known as PP2A, regulates various cellular processes including different signaling pathways, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene transcription and protein translation. It is considered to be a principal guardian against tumorigenic transformation. Some viruses target this protein to hijack the host cell. PPP2C controls the activity of at least 50 different kinases by directly interaction or linked via a anchoring protein. PPP2C not only integrate signals within phoshorylation cascades but also to be the focal point of a distinct post-translational modification, reversible protein methylation. The catalytic subunit binds to a regulatory subunit PR65 or A subunit, and sometimes a third variable subunit, resulting in a total of about 75 different holoenzyme compositions.