Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily PPP4C"
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=== Evolution === | === Evolution === | ||
| − | PPP4C is found in [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Opisthokonta|opisthokonta]] and amoebazoa, often one copy per genome. | + | PPP4C is found in [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Opisthokonta|opisthokonta]] and amoebazoa, often one copy per genome. It is also found in plants. |
=== Domain === | === Domain === | ||
Revision as of 18:23, 5 January 2015
Phosphatase Classification: Fold MTDP: Superfamily MTDP: Family PPP: Subfamily PPP4C
Contents
Evolution
PPP4C is found in opisthokonta and amoebazoa, often one copy per genome. It is also found in plants.
Domain
PPP4C has a single domain - phosphatase domain.
Functions
PPP4C, catalytic subunit of Protein Phosphatase 4 (PP4) holoenzyme, is closely related to PPP2C, the catalytic subunit of PP2A holoenzyme. Like PP1 and PP2A, holoenzyme PP4 consists of the catalytic subunit and one or two regulatory subunits. At least 6 different holoenzyme complexes have been found.
Mammal PP4 participates in a number of processes essential for normal cellular physiology, including microtubule organization, homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair, the DNA damage response, histone modification, apoptosis, immunoglobulin (Ig) VDJ recombination, pre-TCR signaling, TNF signaling, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling, and NF-κB regulation. Germline deletion of PP4 in mice is embryonic lethal, and conditional deletion of PP4 specifically in murine T cells severely impairs T cell development. We previously ablated PP4 specifically in developing B cells using the mb-1/cre/loxP system and generated mb-1/cre/PP4F/F mice (see introduction in [1]).
PP4 dephoshorylate the phophorylated histone 2A variant, γ-H2AX, a marker for DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest. Interestingly, PP2A also dephosphorylates γ-H2AX.
PP4 in C. elegans is involved in M prophase, perhaps through dephosphorylate SUN-1 protein that is normally phosphorylated during the transition zone and early pachytene [2].
References
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