Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily PTEN"
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C2 domain tethers PTEN to vesicles by specifically binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) (the signature lipid of endosomes) through the CBR3 loop (see [http://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/abstract/S1097-2765(15)00176-8?rss=yes here]). | C2 domain tethers PTEN to vesicles by specifically binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) (the signature lipid of endosomes) through the CBR3 loop (see [http://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/abstract/S1097-2765(15)00176-8?rss=yes here]). | ||
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| + | The N-terminus contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) (7-31), an overlapping PIP2-binding motif (PBM) (6-15) and cytoplasmic localization signal (CLS) (19-25) (positions are numbered by human PTEN) <cite>Gil15</cite>. | ||
===Functions=== | ===Functions=== | ||
Revision as of 18:32, 16 April 2015
Phosphatase Classification: Superfamily CC1: Family PTEN: Subfamily PTEN
PTEN subfamily is named after its single member in human, PTEN, which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns (3,4,5)P3 or PIP3). PTEN is one of the most commonly lost tumor suppressors in human cancer.
Evolution
PTEN is found in almost all eukaryotes.
Domain Structure
Most PTEN have a phosphatase domain followed by a C2 domain. Some homologs have PH (phospholipid-binding) or LIM domains, but these are not conserved.
C2 domain tethers PTEN to vesicles by specifically binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) (the signature lipid of endosomes) through the CBR3 loop (see here).
The N-terminus contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) (7-31), an overlapping PIP2-binding motif (PBM) (6-15) and cytoplasmic localization signal (CLS) (19-25) (positions are numbered by human PTEN) [1].
Functions
PTEN is a critical negative regulator of PI3K signaling. PI3K produce the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI (3,4,5)) trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3/PIP3) in response to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G-protein-coupled receptors, or membrane-bound oncogenes [2, 3]. It dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, PI (3,4,5) [4]. It is tumor suppressor among the most frequently altered genes in cancer [5, 6].
References
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