Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily PPP1C"
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
| − | [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[ | + | [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPPL|Fold PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPPL|Superfamily PPPL]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPPc|Family PPPc]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPP4C|Subfamily PPP1C]] (catalytic subunit of PP1 holoenzyme) |
PPP1C is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase found throughout eukaryotes and even in some prokaryotes. By forming complexes with different regulatory subunits, it is involved in many various processes. | PPP1C is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase found throughout eukaryotes and even in some prokaryotes. By forming complexes with different regulatory subunits, it is involved in many various processes. | ||
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=== Functions === | === Functions === | ||
| − | The PPP1C subfamily is the catalytic subunit of PP1 holoenzyme binding to regulatory subunits to achieve diverse functions <cite>heroes13</cite>. Over 50 different regulatory subunits are known in human and at least 20 in yeast. These different complexes play key roles in various cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression <cite>grallert14</cite> and glycogen metabolism. Below are some examples: | + | The PPP1C subfamily is the catalytic subunit of PP1 holoenzyme binding to regulatory subunits to achieve diverse functions <cite>heroes13, Rebelo15</cite>. Over 50 different regulatory subunits are known in human and at least 20 in yeast. These different complexes play key roles in various cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression <cite>grallert14</cite> and glycogen metabolism. Below are some examples: |
PPP1C, in complex with regulatory subunits, dephosphorylates the substrates below: | PPP1C, in complex with regulatory subunits, dephosphorylates the substrates below: | ||
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* eIF2α. PPP1C-PPP1R15A (GADD34) holophosphatase in complex with G-actin, dephosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and inhibits integrated stress response (ISR) <cite>Chambers15, Rojas15, Choy15</cite>. | * eIF2α. PPP1C-PPP1R15A (GADD34) holophosphatase in complex with G-actin, dephosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and inhibits integrated stress response (ISR) <cite>Chambers15, Rojas15, Choy15</cite>. | ||
| − | PPP1C, in complex with its regulatory subunit NIPP1, activates mesenchymal genes in HeLa cells, though its substrates in this biological process are unclear <cite>Dessel15</cite>. | + | * NIPP1. PPP1C, in complex with its regulatory subunit NIPP1, activates mesenchymal genes in HeLa cells, though its substrates in this biological process are unclear <cite>Dessel15</cite>. |
==== Regulatory subunits ==== | ==== Regulatory subunits ==== | ||
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#grallert14 pmid=25487150 | #grallert14 pmid=25487150 | ||
#heroes13 pmid=22360570 | #heroes13 pmid=22360570 | ||
| + | #Rebelo15 pmid=26275498 | ||
#Rojas15 pmid=26100893 | #Rojas15 pmid=26100893 | ||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||
Revision as of 21:46, 14 September 2015
Phosphatase Classification: Fold PPPL: Superfamily PPPL: Family PPPc: Subfamily PPP1C (catalytic subunit of PP1 holoenzyme)
PPP1C is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase found throughout eukaryotes and even in some prokaryotes. By forming complexes with different regulatory subunits, it is involved in many various processes.
Evolution
PPP1C subfamily is found throughout eukaryotes even in some prokaryotes. It has many lineage-specific gene duplications. In particular, 10 PPP1Cs are found in fruit fly, 3 in human, 3 in C. elegans, and 4 in yeast.
Domain
PPP1C has a single domain - phosphatase domain.
Functions
The PPP1C subfamily is the catalytic subunit of PP1 holoenzyme binding to regulatory subunits to achieve diverse functions [1, 2]. Over 50 different regulatory subunits are known in human and at least 20 in yeast. These different complexes play key roles in various cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression [3] and glycogen metabolism. Below are some examples:
PPP1C, in complex with regulatory subunits, dephosphorylates the substrates below:
- Myosin (light chain). PPP1C forms myosin-light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) in complex with PPP1R12A (MYPT1/M130) and PPP1R12A (M20).
- eIF2α. PPP1C-PPP1R15A (GADD34) holophosphatase in complex with G-actin, dephosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and inhibits integrated stress response (ISR) [4, 5, 6].
- NIPP1. PPP1C, in complex with its regulatory subunit NIPP1, activates mesenchymal genes in HeLa cells, though its substrates in this biological process are unclear [7].
Regulatory subunits
PPP1R15B
A missense mutation in PPP1R15B causes a syndrome including diabetes, short stature and microcephaly [8].
References
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- Error fetching PMID 25774599:
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- Error fetching PMID 26095357:
- Error fetching PMID 25907536:
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