Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily PTPRG"
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===Evolution=== | ===Evolution=== | ||
| − | + | PTPRG is bilaterian, typically single-copy, but expanded to two genes, PTPRG and PTPRZ1 (Rptpζ) in human and other vertebrates. | |
===Domain === | ===Domain === | ||
Revision as of 05:51, 2 April 2017
Phosphatase Classification: Fold CC1:Superfamily CC1: Family PTP: Subfamily PTPRG
PTPRG is a receptor PTP involved in neural development and maybe cancer.
Evolution
PTPRG is bilaterian, typically single-copy, but expanded to two genes, PTPRG and PTPRZ1 (Rptpζ) in human and other vertebrates.
Domain
These are receptor PTPs with dual intracellular catalytic domains. The extracellular domain contains at least one FN3 domain. Vertebrate members have a catalytically inactive carbonic anhydrase (CA) domain (see technical notes), while most invertebrates, including one invertebrate chordate, have additional Ig and FN3 repeats instead. The CA domain acts as a receptor for members of the contactin family of neural cell adhesion molecules [1]. Most mammalian PTPRGs lack a predicted signal peptide, though they align weakly with the signal peptide of PTPRZ1; fish and some other non-mammalian PTPRG have strong predicted signal peptides.
Functions
The vertebrate forms are expressed in brain and involved in cell adhesion. Drosophila ptp99a is also selectively expressed and functions in the nervous system, interacting with other RPTPs, including Dlar and ptp69D.
PTPRG is suggested to be a tumor suppressor due to it's frequent loss or decreased expression in a number of cancer types.
The phosphatase activity is modulated by the ligands binding to extracellular region [2] and other proteins binding to the cytoplasmic region [3].
PTPRG has various isoforms. Peptides from its extracellular domain have been detected in plasma by proteomic techniques, and a natural soluble protein in plasma has been identified by experimental assays [4].
PTPRZ1-MET (ZM) fusion protein is identified in human gliomas by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, which induces gliomas through elevated expression and phosphorylation of the MET oncoprotein [5].
Here are the unorganized notes on functions.
Technical notes
References
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