Phosphatase Subfamily PRL

Phosphatase Classification: Fold CC1: Superfamily CC1: Family DSP: Subfamily PRL (PTP4A)

Evolution

PRL is present in animals, and most basal eukaryotes, but is absent from fungi and plants (unpublished data from gOrtholog).

Domain

PRL has a CC1 fold phosphatase domain followed by a consensus prenylation motif.

Function

PRL is short for Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver. There are three PRLs in human, PRL1, PRL2, PRL3 (PTP4A1-3), all of which have been identified as key contributors to metastasis in several human cancers [1, 2]. The molecular mechanisms of PRL phosphatases has been reviewed [3] in 2012.

PRL3 is implicated in cancer. For instance, deletion of PRL3 reduces clonogenicity and tumor-initiation ability of colitis-associated cancer cells in mice [4]. PRL3 (PTP4A3) independently predicts metastasis and survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy [5].

PTP4A3 has a number of protein substrates including ezrin [6] and p130cas [7]. All three human genes have activity against tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides [8].

References

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