Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Fold HP"

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[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]] (histidine phosphatase)
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__NOTOC__
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[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]
  
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HP is short for histidine phosphatase, which is also known as phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM). Histidine phosphatase does '''not''' dephosphorylate pHis. It  is named for the catalytic histidine which is phosphorylated during catalysis <cite>rigden08</cite>. The superfamily is a large functionally diverse group of proteins. For a complete of functions characterized members in the superfamily (Table 1 and Table S1 in <cite>rigen08</cite>).  
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The HP (histidine phosphatase) fold has several enzymatic activities, including phosphatase and phosphoglycerate mutase ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoglycerate_mutase PGM]) activity. The mutase activity transfers a phosphate within an intermediate of glycolysis. Both activities require a catalytic histidine which is phosphorylated during catalysis <cite>rigden08</cite>, hence the histidine phosphatase name. For a complete list of functions characterized members in the superfamily see Table 1 and Table S1 in <cite>rigen08</cite>. HPs are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.  
  
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===== Naming: histidine phosphatase (HP) or phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) =====
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==== Naming: histidine phosphatase (HP) or phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) ====
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The earliest and arguably best studied members of this group of genes primarily function as mutase, which results in naming them PGM. However, most if not all of later discoveries have been phosphatase activities of one kind or another <cite>rigden08</cite>. To reflect this fact, we call it histidine phosphatase rather than phosphoglycerate mutase, although the genes are sometimes referred as PGM in literature and SCOP database.
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The earliest and arguably best studied members of this group of genes primarily function as mutates, which results in naming them PGM. However, most if not all of later discoveries have been phosphatase activities of one kind or another <cite>rigden08</cite>. To reflect this fact, we call it histidine phosphatase rather than phosphoglycerate mutase, although the genes are sometimes referred as PGM in the literature and in the SCOP database.
  
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===== Families =====
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====Superfamilies and families ====
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The fold/superfamily HP consists of two families based upon sequence similarity <cite>rigden08</cite>:  
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The fold HP has a single superfamily [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|HP]], which consists of two families based upon sequence similarity <cite>rigden08</cite>:  
 
* [[Phosphatase_Family_HP1|Branch 1]]  
 
* [[Phosphatase_Family_HP1|Branch 1]]  
 
* [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|Branch 2]]  
 
* [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|Branch 2]]  
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This classification is largely the same with [[#Pfam|Pfam]] classification.
 
This classification is largely the same with [[#Pfam|Pfam]] classification.
  
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====== Traditional classification ======
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===== Traditional classification =====
 
Traditionally, HP/PGM is classified as below <cite>jedrzejas00, rigden01</cite>:
 
Traditionally, HP/PGM is classified as below <cite>jedrzejas00, rigden01</cite>:
 
* Monophosphoglycerate mutase (mPGM) - catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and 2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA)
 
* Monophosphoglycerate mutase (mPGM) - catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and 2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA)
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* Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (bPGM) - catalyzes primarily the interconversion of 1,3-phosphoglycerate (13PGA) and 23PGA
 
* Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (bPGM) - catalyzes primarily the interconversion of 1,3-phosphoglycerate (13PGA) and 23PGA
  
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====== Pfam ======
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===== Pfam =====
 
HP corresponds to [http://pfam.xfam.org/clan/CL0071 histidine phosphatase superfamily] in  [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Pfam|Pfam database]]. It contains two families: [http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00300 branch 1] and [http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00328 branch 2]. Branch 1 includes dPGMs, branch 2 includes histidine acid phosphatase. Branch 1 is largely dPGM.
 
HP corresponds to [http://pfam.xfam.org/clan/CL0071 histidine phosphatase superfamily] in  [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Pfam|Pfam database]]. It contains two families: [http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00300 branch 1] and [http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00328 branch 2]. Branch 1 includes dPGMs, branch 2 includes histidine acid phosphatase. Branch 1 is largely dPGM.
  
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======  SCOP ======
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=====  SCOP =====
 
HP corresponds to [[Phosphatase_Glossary#SCOP|SCOP]] fold [http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=53253 phosphoglycerate mutase-like (c.60)]. It contains single superfamily, which include the families below:
 
HP corresponds to [[Phosphatase_Glossary#SCOP|SCOP]] fold [http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=53253 phosphoglycerate mutase-like (c.60)]. It contains single superfamily, which include the families below:
 
* c.60.1.1: Cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase
 
* c.60.1.1: Cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase
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#rigden01 pmid=11514674
 
#rigden01 pmid=11514674
 
#rigden08 pmid=18092946
 
#rigden08 pmid=18092946
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</biblio>
 
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<biblio>
 
 
#Rigden pmid=18092946
 
#Rigden pmid=18092946
 
</biblio>
 
</biblio>

Latest revision as of 21:51, 25 October 2016

Phosphatase Classification: Fold HP

The HP (histidine phosphatase) fold has several enzymatic activities, including phosphatase and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) activity. The mutase activity transfers a phosphate within an intermediate of glycolysis. Both activities require a catalytic histidine which is phosphorylated during catalysis [1], hence the histidine phosphatase name. For a complete list of functions characterized members in the superfamily see Table 1 and Table S1 in [2]. HPs are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Naming: histidine phosphatase (HP) or phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM)

The earliest and arguably best studied members of this group of genes primarily function as mutates, which results in naming them PGM. However, most if not all of later discoveries have been phosphatase activities of one kind or another [1]. To reflect this fact, we call it histidine phosphatase rather than phosphoglycerate mutase, although the genes are sometimes referred as PGM in the literature and in the SCOP database.

Superfamilies and families

The fold HP has a single superfamily HP, which consists of two families based upon sequence similarity [1]:

This classification is largely the same with Pfam classification.

Traditional classification

Traditionally, HP/PGM is classified as below [3, 4]:

  • Monophosphoglycerate mutase (mPGM) - catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and 2-phosphoglycerate (2PGA)
    • dependent on 23PGA as a cofactor (dPGM) - found in animal, fungi, and bacteria
    • independent of 23PGA as a cofactor (iPGM) - found in plants, and bacteria
  • Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (bPGM) - catalyzes primarily the interconversion of 1,3-phosphoglycerate (13PGA) and 23PGA
Pfam

HP corresponds to histidine phosphatase superfamily in Pfam database. It contains two families: branch 1 and branch 2. Branch 1 includes dPGMs, branch 2 includes histidine acid phosphatase. Branch 1 is largely dPGM.

SCOP

HP corresponds to SCOP fold phosphoglycerate mutase-like (c.60). It contains single superfamily, which include the families below:

  • c.60.1.1: Cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase
  • c.60.1.2: Histidine acid phosphatase
  • c.60.1.4: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, phosphatase domain

c60.1.1 and c60.1.4 forms dPGM.

References

  1. Rigden DJ. The histidine phosphatase superfamily: structure and function. Biochem J. 2008 Jan 15;409(2):333-48. DOI:10.1042/BJ20071097 | PubMed ID:18092946 | HubMed [rigden08]
  2. Jedrzejas MJ. Structure, function, and evolution of phosphoglycerate mutases: comparison with fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2000;73(2-4):263-87. DOI:10.1016/s0079-6107(00)00007-9 | PubMed ID:10958932 | HubMed [jedrzejas00]
  3. Rigden DJ, Bagyan I, Lamani E, Setlow P, and Jedrzejas MJ. A cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase homolog from Bacillus stearothermophilus is actually a broad specificity phosphatase. Protein Sci. 2001 Sep;10(9):1835-46. DOI:10.1110/ps.15701 | PubMed ID:11514674 | HubMed [rigden01]
  4. Rigden DJ. The histidine phosphatase superfamily: structure and function. Biochem J. 2008 Jan 15;409(2):333-48. DOI:10.1042/BJ20071097 | PubMed ID:18092946 | HubMed [Rigden]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed | HubMed
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