Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subfamily PGP"
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[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HAD|Fold HAD]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HAD|Superfamily HAD]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_NagD|Family NagD]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PGP|Subfamily PGP]] | [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HAD|Fold HAD]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HAD|Superfamily HAD]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_NagD|Family NagD]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PGP|Subfamily PGP]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | PGP is a ubiquitous HAD subfamily in eukaryotes. The two members in human have distinct functions: PDXP (aka chronophin) dephosphorylates protein cofilin on serine residue, as well as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; PGP is a putative tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase. PDXP is mainly expressed in brain; PGP is widely expressed in different tissues. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Evolution === | ||
| + | PGP subfamily is extremely conserved in eukaryotes. Human has two members of this subfamily: PGP and PDXP. PGP has obvious orthologs in vertebrate, but PDXP has obvious orthologs in coelacanth, birds, eutheria, rodents and primates. Thus, human PGP and PDXP has a deep root in eukaryotes but probably diverged from ancestral gene in function in early vertebrates. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Domain === | ||
| + | PGP subfamily has a single domain: HAD domain. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Function === | ||
| + | PDXP (Chronophin) is abundantly expressed in brain <cite>Jang03</cite> (see also [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/PDXP GTEx] RNA-seq data). PDXP has two distinct substrates. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PDXP was first identified as pyridoxal phosphatase, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxine 5'-phosphate. PLP is the active form of vitamin B6 that acts as a coenzyme in maintaining biochemical homeostasis <cite>Gao94, Jang03, Kim05</cite>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Protein cofilin. PDXP dephosphorylates cofilin at serine, therefore regulating assembly and disassembly of actin filaments <cite>Gohla05, Huang08, Kestler14</cite>. Slingshot also dephosphorylate cofilin. Meanwhile, there are two kinases, LIMK and TESK, phosphorylate cofilin at the same position. How does their function overlap, and are they expressed in different tissues or under different conditions? | ||
| + | |||
| + | In contrast with PDXP, PGP (AUM) is widely expressed in different tissues (see also [http://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/PGP GTEx] RNA-seq data). PGP is a putative tyrosine-specific phosphatase <cite>Seifried14</cite>, but its physiological substrate needs to be elicited. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === References === | ||
| + | <biblio> | ||
| + | #Gao94 pmid=8132548 | ||
| + | #Gohla05 pmid=15580268 | ||
| + | #Huang08 pmid=19000834 | ||
| + | #Jang03 pmid=14522954 | ||
| + | #Kestler14 pmid=24338687 | ||
| + | #Kim05 pmid=16336786 | ||
| + | #Seifried14 pmid=24338473 | ||
| + | </biblio> | ||
Revision as of 18:44, 9 March 2015
Phosphatase Classification: Fold HAD: Superfamily HAD: Family NagD: Subfamily PGP
PGP is a ubiquitous HAD subfamily in eukaryotes. The two members in human have distinct functions: PDXP (aka chronophin) dephosphorylates protein cofilin on serine residue, as well as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; PGP is a putative tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase. PDXP is mainly expressed in brain; PGP is widely expressed in different tissues.
Contents
Evolution
PGP subfamily is extremely conserved in eukaryotes. Human has two members of this subfamily: PGP and PDXP. PGP has obvious orthologs in vertebrate, but PDXP has obvious orthologs in coelacanth, birds, eutheria, rodents and primates. Thus, human PGP and PDXP has a deep root in eukaryotes but probably diverged from ancestral gene in function in early vertebrates.
Domain
PGP subfamily has a single domain: HAD domain.
Function
PDXP (Chronophin) is abundantly expressed in brain [1] (see also GTEx RNA-seq data). PDXP has two distinct substrates.
- Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PDXP was first identified as pyridoxal phosphatase, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxine 5'-phosphate. PLP is the active form of vitamin B6 that acts as a coenzyme in maintaining biochemical homeostasis [1, 2, 3].
- Protein cofilin. PDXP dephosphorylates cofilin at serine, therefore regulating assembly and disassembly of actin filaments [4, 5, 6]. Slingshot also dephosphorylate cofilin. Meanwhile, there are two kinases, LIMK and TESK, phosphorylate cofilin at the same position. How does their function overlap, and are they expressed in different tissues or under different conditions?
In contrast with PDXP, PGP (AUM) is widely expressed in different tissues (see also GTEx RNA-seq data). PGP is a putative tyrosine-specific phosphatase [7], but its physiological substrate needs to be elicited.
References
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- Error fetching PMID 16336786:
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