Difference between revisions of "Phosphatase Subamily Paladin"
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=== Domain === | === Domain === | ||
| − | The Paladin subfamily has a | + | The Paladin subfamily has two phosphatase domains close to each in sequence. Both domains are homologous to cysteine phytases in bacteria whose crystal structures have a CC1 fold (so called "PTP-like") <cite>Chu04, Gruninger12, Gruninger14, Weber14</cite>. Similar to protein phosphatases of CC1 fold such as PTPs and DSPs, these phytases are cysteine-based and have CX<sub>5</sub>R motif. |
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| + | Note to phytases: The cysteine phytases is a class of phytases. The phytases remove phosphate from inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate. They have distinct folds. | ||
=== Function === | === Function === | ||
Revision as of 22:33, 15 January 2016
Phosphatase Classification: Fold CC1: Superfamily CC1: Family Paladin: Subfamily Paladin
Evolution
Paladins are found in vertebrates and early metazoa such as sponge, trichoplax and nematostella but absent from arthropoda and nematoda. Paladins are also found in most plants and a small number of fungi (see internal database gOrtholog).
Domain
The Paladin subfamily has two phosphatase domains close to each in sequence. Both domains are homologous to cysteine phytases in bacteria whose crystal structures have a CC1 fold (so called "PTP-like") [1, 2, 3, 4]. Similar to protein phosphatases of CC1 fold such as PTPs and DSPs, these phytases are cysteine-based and have CX5R motif.
Note to phytases: The cysteine phytases is a class of phytases. The phytases remove phosphate from inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate. They have distinct folds.
Function
Paladin has been very little studied. Human Paladin (PALD, PALD1) was found as an inhibitor of insulin signaling by knockdown and overexpression. Similar over and under-expression showed a role in neural crest cell formation and migration in chicken [5] and mutation of the two Cx5R cysteines did not affect this function.
References
- Roffers-Agarwal J, Hutt KJ, and Gammill LS. Paladin is an antiphosphatase that regulates neural crest cell formation and migration. Dev Biol. 2012 Nov 15;371(2):180-90. DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.08.007 |
- Huang SM, Hancock MK, Pitman JL, Orth AP, and Gekakis N. Negative regulators of insulin signaling revealed in a genome-wide functional screen. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 3;4(9):e6871. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0006871 |
